Chip seal (surface dressing) 

Chip-sealing surface treatments extend the life of existing road surfaces by filling small cracks and voids and preventing water and air from penetrating the sub-base and base course. Chip sealing involves spraying a liquid asphalt binder onto the existing pavement and then covering it with crushed clean aggregates. This creates a protective layer that can last up to seven years or longer and improves skid resistance. A bitumen emulsion sprayer, an aggregate spreader and a rubber roller are required to apply the chip sealant.

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